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General Martín Francisco Javier Mina y Larrea (July 1, 1789 – November 11, 1817), nicknamed "El Mozo," was a Spanish lawyer and army officer, who later became a Mexican revolutionary figure. ==Biography== Francisco Javier Mina was born in Otao, Navarre, to Juan Mina, a wealthy farmer, and Maria Lerea. Mina studied Latin, mathematics, and humanities at the local seminary, while living in Pamplona with his uncle and aunt, Clemente and Simona Espoz. At the age of 18, he left Otao to continue his education in Zaragoza, where he began studying law at the university. During the Peninsular War in early 1808, Spain was under occupation by French troops, prompting Mina to flee to the hills and forests of his native region. There he formed a small guerrilla force of ten men. Under his leadership, the small force quickly grew to over 200 men. Mina launched raids on the French and succeeded in capturing arms, ammunition, and horses. These additional resources allowed Mina to expand his small army to over 1,200 men and 150 mounted cavalry. Finding new strength in these numbers, he began to engage in full-scale military actions. Mina was captured in March 1810 and sent to Vincennes prison in France. He was finally released in April 1814, concurrent with the collapse of Napoleon's government. On returning to Spain he was made a colonel of the Navarre Hussars by King Ferdinand VII. However, Mina didn't sympathize with the King, because he had abolished the democratic government created under the Constitution of 1812. After a planned coup against the King failed, Mina fled to France; from Bayona he traveled to England where he met Servando Teresa de Mier. Servando Teresa de Mier recruited him to fight the absolute monarchy of Ferdinand VII in his colonies. (article about de Mier says that Mina was the one doing the convincing. ) A few English lords made Mina's voyage to America possible. In May 1816, 20 Spanish officers and an Italian and English crew left Liverpool. Mina sailed on two ships. First, Mina and his crew sailed from Baltimore in the U.S.A. to Puerto Principe, Haiti, and from Puerto Principe to Galveston, Nueva España, where they arrived November 24, 1816. He then moved to what is now the nation of Mexico. In April 1817, General Mina took a force of about 250 men southward in ships provided by the French privateer, Louis-Michel Aury. They arrived at Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas. His plan was to join the southern Mexican revolutionaries led by Guadalupe Victoria and others. Mina started the resistance war, a period of the Mexican War of Independence. On May 24 of 1817, Mina left his base with 300 men, moving to several villages on his way to Fuerte del Sombrero, a fortification defended by Pedro Moreno. General Mina published a letter stating that he was fighting the King's tyranny and not the Spanish empire. On August 1, marshal Pascual Liñán arrived at the fort with a powerful army. Mina escaped to Fuerte de los Remedios to help José Antonio Torres. In October 1817, Francisco Javier Mina was captured and Pedro Moreno was killed, at ''El Venadito'' ranch. The prisoner was presented to Colonel Orrantia who took him to Silao. Eventually, Mina was sent to the marshal Pascual Liñán. On November 11 of 1817, General Francisco Javier Mina was executed by a firing squad on a hill close to the Fuerte de los Remedios region of the Sierra de Pénjamo, by the Zaragoza battalion. He was 28 years old. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martín Javier Mina y Larrea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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